Topology is the study of relations in space that persist through transformation—connections, continuity, adjacency—rather than fixed forms. In mathematics, it describes properties that remain when shapes are stretched or bent without breaking. Borrowed into design theory, topology shifts focus from objects to relations, from static form to dynamic systems. It points to networks, flows, and elastic configurations. Topology is a way to think beyond form-making: to see spaces as relational fields, where connectivity and continuity matter more than fixed shape. It opens design to fluid, adaptive structures that can absorb change.
I have spent the last two weeks conducting field research at a large music festival located in the interior of Portugal. Every day, I would wake up in my tiny tent and walk into a stunning landscape. Walking around the grounds of the festival every morning was my favorite activity, indulging in the lake around […]
Dr. Anette Freytag is a relentless researcher, moving between academia, activism, and public engagement. She taught at ETH Zurich, the University of Basel, and the Technical University of Innsbruck before joining Rutgers University, where she is the Professor of the History and Theory of Landscape Architecture at the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences. Freytag […]
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